![]() McGill & McLeod, 2020 McLeod et al., 2020 Ruggero et al., 2012). Strategies, and family self-management ( N. May include provision of parent education, materials relating to general management It is well established that there are not enough SLP services to meet the demand forĭirect pediatric intervention, resulting in waiting list service management, which Need to be able to access these services for the duration of the treatment program. Trained SLPs who can deliver treatment in the desired dose and (b) children who stutter While complex and multifactorial, these can ultimatelyīe broken down into two key ingredients: (a) Schools or clinics need to have appropriately While there are several studies investigating the Lidcombe Program and other treatmentĪpproaches for school-age children, many children are unable to access effective treatment. (2013) demonstrated the effectiveness of the Lidcombe Program when administered in communityĬlinics across Australia and included children aged up to 6 years 11 months (i.e.,Įarly school age) at the beginning of treatment. In this trial, 11 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years needed a median ofġ2 clinic visits to reduce their pretreatment stuttering to a mean of 1.5%SS. Stimulation with school-age children ( Lincoln et al., 1996). Trial followed a preceding Phase II report of the use of verbal response contingent ![]() This was achieved in a median of eight clinic sessions. Treatment, the participants reduced their mean percentage of syllables stuttered (%SS)įrom 9.2%SS to 1.9%SS. (2009) reported a Phase I trial with 12 participants using a retrospective method. Population, there have been published studies investigating its use with school-ageĬhildren. While Lidcombe Program clinical trial evidence is strongest for the preschool-age Is gradually withdrawn over an extended period ( Onslow et al., 2020). No stuttering (or almost no stuttering) when they speak, and, in Stage 2, treatment In Stage 1, the child receives daily parent-administered treatment until there is In both controlled and naturalistic settings. Parents are taught in weeklyĬlinic sessions to provide verbal contingencies for stutter-free and stuttered speech To implement treatment in the child's natural environment. The Lidcombe Program is a behavioral treatment approach in which parents are trained When compared with a no-treatment control group ( Jones et al., 2005), when delivered by community speech-language pathologists (SLPs O'Brian et al., 2013), and when administered using telepractice ( Bridgman et al., 2016). Well-designed studies have demonstrated clinically significant reductions in stuttering Program, with more than 20 publications in peer-reviewed journals investigating thisĪpproach including several randomized controlled trials (RCTs Brignell et al., 2021). One well-researched preschool intervention is the Lidcombe Plasticity decreases with age and, as such, with time, stuttering becomes more ingrainedĪnd difficult to treat. This is due to the potential for far-reaching negative impact, and because neural The current consensus is that, ideally, stuttering should be treated shortly after To be teased or bullied than children who do not stutter ( Yaruss et al., 2018), and they may start to limit their communication to avoid stuttering ( Nippold & Packman, 2012). Of adolescents and adults who stutter, and the negative effect on educational andĮmployment attainment and social interactions. There is good evidence showing the considerable impact on the mental health Potential to impact the quality of life and well-being of the individual in myriad In how recovery is defined and stuttering is measured ( Einarsdóttir et al., 2020).įor those who do not recover, it is well-established that chronic stuttering has the Variable of therapeutic actions (both formal and informal) taken by parents, and differences However, such studies have been impacted by difficulties in measuring the confounding Quarters of children (e.g., Kefalianos et al., 2017 Yairi & Ambrose, 1999). Which children will recover and the precise recovery rate has not been determined.Ĭollectively, published research estimates recovery to be between two thirds to three Many children naturally recover from stuttering however, little is known about While the exact incidence of stuttering has not been established, the most recentĭata from a large prospective cohort study estimated a cumulative incidence of approximatelyġ1% by 4 years of age ( Reilly et al., 2013). Typically developing before the age of 4 years, stuttering has been observed inĪll cultures, races, historical periods, and languages ( Ardila et al., 1994). Of speech is impaired by interruptions or blockages ( Bloodstein, 1995). Stuttering is a complex, multifaceted speech disorder in which the rhythm or fluency
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